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History
& Culture of Drums & Percussion
Drums are found in nearly every culture in the world and have existed
since before 6000 B.C. They have had ceremonial, sacred, and symbolic
associations. Here's your complete resource on the uses of drums and
percussion in various cultures throughout history.
Aboriginal
Musical Instruments
From hand clapping and lap slapping to drums made from logs and reptile
skins, here's a history of Australian Aboriginal instruments. From the
Aboriginal Art and Culture Centre of Australia.
Ancient
Nubian Culture - Renewed
Although Nubian music was originally dominated by drums, adding other
instruments has resulted in new fans outside the Nubian community. Includes
sound files and a Quicktime movie. From CNN Interactive.
Anklung
If you ever wanted to know more about the history behind that Anklung
you got for your birthday, here's where you can go. Courtesy of School
of Fine Art and Music. Here's more on the Angklung
(alternate spelling) from CHICO.
Bell
Although bells are universal, their use and meanings are greatly culture
specific. This link will give you some background info. From Encyclopedia.com.
Bodhran
or Frame Drum
An interesting treatise on the history, lore, culture, and secrets of
the Bodhran. From Roundstone Musical Instruments. And check out Frame
Drum Basics from Rhythmweb.com.
Cajon
Known as an instrument of Flamenco Percussion, the Cajon originated from
a codfish box aboard Spanish boats sailing to America in the 16th century.
Candombe
Informative site, developed by Neil Weiss, that covers the Afro-Uruguayan
rhythm Candombe. Includes info on the three drums of the Cuerda and more.
Castanets
Castanets have been around for more than 2000 years. Learn the difference
between male (from Mars?) and female (from Venus?) castanets in this brief
history with links to additional references. Courtesy of School of Fine
Art and Music.
Daiko
Daiko is a generic Japanese term for many different styles of drums. Here
is some info on the various styles of Japanese drums made by Miyoshi Daiko.
From San Jose Taiko site. For more, see the Taiko link also in this History
& Culture section.
Darabukka
Here's some general info on this Arabic instrument, very popular throughout
the Middle East and other Islamic-influenced countries. It's also known
as a dumbek, derbocka, and dumbelek. Courtesy of ASZA.com.
Da'uli-da'uli
If you'd like to know what one is, check it out. Courtesy of CHICO.
Deerskin
Drum
This is a hand drum of the natives on the West Coast of Canada. From ASZA.com.
Djembe
This instrument is by far the most popular African drum to be played outside
of Africa. From ASZA.com site.
Double
Bell
For those who believe two bells are better than one. Courtesy of School
of Fine Art and Music.
Dulcimer
This stringed instrument was the forerunner of the piano, which is also
considered a percussion instrument. Courtesy of School of Fine Art and
Music.
Encyclopedia
of Percussion
Percussion from A to Z. Because this is a work in transition, as of 5/00,
only A through D was searchable. But you can access the rest by clicking
on the specific letter. As of January, 2006, site is down.
EUCHMI
Dig that photo of the crazy Gong Drum Kit, circa 1924. If you like vintage
gear, you'll love these pics! From the EUCHMI (Edinburgh University Collection
of Historic Musical Instruments) Web site.
Finger
Cymbals
You'd need a mouse-sized pair of sticks to play a ride beat on these suckers.
Courtesy of School of Fine Art and Music.
Gender
There's more than just masculine and feminine to Gender, you know? Check
this out. Courtesy of CHICO's Musical Heritage Network at the University
of Michigan.
Hula
Sounds
Chanting and instruments have been a part of the hula since its beginnings.
Learn the "Kawika" chant and the instruments of Hawaiian culture.
Courtesy of aloha-hawaii.com.
Jaw's
Harp
The Jaw's harp (also called a Jew's Harp) is not a harp and has no historic
association with Jewish traditions. If you'd like to know exactly what
it is, you can find out here. Courtesy of Encyclopedia.com.
Jazz
History Time-Line
Check out the jazz time-line, courtesy allaboutjazz.com.
Karate
Drums
The Japanese drum group Ryukyukoku Matsuri Daiko uses choreography that incorporates
elements of Karate with drumming. Follow this link to learn how they've modernized
this traditional 15th century form for audiences of today.
Kettle
Drum
Use of the Kettle Drum, ancestor to our modern Tympani, dates back to before
4000 B.C. To learn more and have access to some mp3 sounds, courtesy of the
Early Patches Web site. Click here for
more info, courtesy of CHICO's Musical Heritage Network at the University of
Michigan.
Khomok
The khomok of the Baul people of Bengal is also known as a khamak, anandalahari,
and gubgubi. From ASZA.com site.
Klonton
Similar to the Karate Drum, this instrument has pebbles inside. Courtesy of
the School of Fine Art and Music.
Lambeg
Drum Tradition
Billy Kennedy tells us all about the Lambeg drum of Ireland, which he calls, "a
bodhran on steroids!" Click the following link for more on the Lambeg.
Lithophone
Have you ever wondered what a Lithophone is? Here's your chance to find out.
Courtesy of quinion.com.
Malaysia
- Cultures & People
Importance of Malaysian drums to the history and culture of Malaysia. Courtesy
of the Official Homepage of the Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board, New York.
Mbira
If you've ever wondered what a Mbira is, check this out. From School of Fine
Art and Music.
Multimedia
Music Dictionary
Check out this awesome multimedia music dictionary, courtesy of Virginia Tech.
Orchestra
Percussion History
Brief history of Percussion instruments used in orchestras, along with descriptions
of each. While you're browsing, you can treat yourself to a number of classical
orchestral pieces via Real Audio (if you need the RealPlayer, you can download
it for free from this site). Courtesy of ERCHA.
Shekere
Don't let the name throw you - it's just a rattle! This link gives you detailed
instructions on how to make your own. From drums.org.
Steel
Drum / Pan History
Learn how the islanders of Trinidad and Tobago first created these steel drums
(or pans) in the 1930's, from empty 55-gallon oil barrels.
Tabla
Here's a good site with lots of info this famous percussion instrument from
North India. Includes lessons, books, Tabla Forum, audio examples, and more.
Created by David Courtney, Ph.D, Dr. T.A. Reddy, Todd Dombrowski and Shawn
Mativetsky.
Taiko
The Drum (Taiko in Japanese) was the first instrument used by mankind and on
this site Megumi Ochi, the curator of the Taiko Drum Museum in Tokyo, discusses
the history of the Taiko. From the Rolling Thunder Taiko Resource. For more
on Japanese drums, see the Daiko link on this History & Culture of Drums/Percussion
page.
Talking
Drum
"Gan Gan" and "Dun Dun" may have been the first words you
uttered as a baby, but they're also West African names for small and large Talking
Drums. For selected references and a sound file of the authentic thing, follow
this link. Courtesy of CHICO's Musical Heritage Network at the University of
Michigan.
Tambour
French Drums, anyone? Here's one that was popular a few centuries ago in western
European regimental and marching bands. Courtesy of CHICO's Musical Heritage
Network at the University of Michigan.
Tambourine
Gypsies weren't the first to use these ancient instruments and even Mozart
jumped on the bandwagon. You can even print down a drawing of the instrument
from this site and color it in. (Good for the kid in you!) Courtesy of dsokids.com.
Teponaztli
If you're into the Ancient Aztec Gods, you won't want to miss this instrument.
Check it out. From CHICO's Musical Heritage Network at the University of
Michigan.
Tortoise
Rattle
This is a traditional instrument of the Ojibway people of Central Canada, used
in ceremonies. From ASZA.com.
Udu
This is a vessel drum originally from the Igbo people of Nigeria. From ASZA.com.
Weird
New Instruments
If you thought there were plenty of weird old instruments around, wait 'til
you check out these weird new ones! And dig this some of the best musicians
around are using them. From Oddmusic.com.
West
African Percussion Pictionary
Dictionary definitions with accompanying pictures. If you're just beginning
to get involved in West African Percussion, check it out. By Bobbaq Afshar
of UCSC.
Xylophone
A xylophone made out of old shoes, tires, and bones? (Reminds me of John Cage's
music and my days in the percussion ensemble!) Here's some basic info on
building your own Xylophone. From Jim Doble.
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